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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD frequently suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can cause anxiety, restlessness and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medication can help alleviate symptoms, but they can also cause side-effects like tics or minor growth reductions in children and adolescents. Some people also find that their anxiety rises when they take stimulant medication. Stimulants The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. You can find them in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They are also available in brown or white dust. Large doses of stimulants can result in over-stimulation, anxiety and panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. The long-term use of stimulants could also lead to addiction and serious side effects such as heart problems high blood pressure, heart problems and stroke. The drugs that are commonly prescribed to treat ADHD also have a proven track record of relieving the symptoms of anxiety. They help by boosting brain chemicals like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This boosts activity and communication between parts of the brain that control attention and executive function. adhd medication for adults results in an improvement in impulse control, and anxiety symptoms diminish. Research has shown that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Anxiety symptom improvement was seen in the first week of treatment for both drugs, and the benefit was sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is crucial to remember that the type of medication that is most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring disorders could come down to which condition has a larger impact on the quality of life of an individual. For instance, a person might be prone to frequent worry-inducing mini-crises on a regular basis when they have to schedule appointments or to keep track of school or work. These are stressful and trigger anxiety more often than signs of panic attacks or phobia. In these instances it is possible to address the anxiety-related symptoms using antidepressants or SSRIs, which have been proven effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are usually taken orally and can take a little longer to effect the desired effects, however the most common options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. These drugs can be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety. They are particularly useful if a patient has high or racing heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, like SSRIs (antidepressant drugs) are frequently used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac is the drug that was developed as the prototype of this class, is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating post-traumatic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. These drugs are a bit more versatile than the earlier generations of antidepressants, and they have fewer and less dangerous adverse effects. The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin from synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active in the synapse and signal the post-synaptic cells more often than would otherwise occur. This may increase the output of norepinephrine, which may reduce anxiety. It could also result in increased levels of the neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) which can stimulate protein synthesis. They also decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce the agitation of some people with ADHD. However, these medications can increase the risk of suicidal ideas and behavior in certain individuals. They can also trigger an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they are first introduced. SNRIs are a different type of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. They also impact anxiety. They can improve the function of the blood vessels and the heart muscle. This can help reduce feelings such as anxiety and stress. They also can enhance the mood of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder. The most popular SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). The SNRIs can raise blood pressure in certain individuals therefore they should not be taken by anyone with high blood pressure or heart disease. There are many behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized in addition to medication. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful in reducing stress and anxiety as can yoga and meditation. Some people find that tapping specific body parts or techniques for emotional freedom, helps lower cortisol which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Exercise and diet can aid in reducing anxiety. Your doctor may recommend eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can increase anxiety in some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant based medicines While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively researched however they are not the best choice for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. These medications can cause side effects such as anxiety and jitteriness. These symptoms can mimic or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medicines have been used for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase heart rate or blood pressure and are less likely to have anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can help improve attention and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. It has also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical papers from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine whether atomoxetine improved anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another drug that can alleviate anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is typically prescribed to people who have ADHD and depression. It can also improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. It is generally recommended to investigate and treat the underlying causes of anxiety prior to treating the ADHD, as it will typically reduce anxiety symptoms. It is very common for kids with ADHD to experience issues with anxiety, and in a few instances, the anxiety is caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective treatment for anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychostimulants. These treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root causes of the issue. Antidepressants are often prescribed for those with co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, the chemical in the brain that is thought to aid in relieving anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. Ultimately, the decision of which medication is best for you will be decided by your physician. They will consider your lifestyle, symptoms and age, as well as other health issues before recommending any medication. It is crucial to discuss with your doctor about your treatment goals and to stick to a routine daily while taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial for managing ADHD or anxiety, based on your health goals. These include mindfulness yoga, meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep and nutrition, as well as exercise and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to develop symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to Dr. Hallowell says, which can make it difficult to treat both disorders simultaneously. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medications like bupropion or atomoxetine to treat anxiety disorders. These medications work 24/7 and are not controlled substances, as stimulants are.